Facially amphiphilic polymers as anti-infective agents

专利摘要:
The present invention discloses surface area amphiphilic polymers having biocidal surfaces and articles made therefrom. The polymer can inhibit the growth of microorganisms when present in the region in contact with or in proximity to the biocidal surface. The invention also discloses methods for identifying and optimizing surface area amphipathic polyamides, polyesters, polyureas, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and polyphenylene polymers. In the present invention, the use as a contact fungicide is disclosed.
公开号:KR20040011472A
申请号:KR10-2003-7011801
申请日:2002-03-07
公开日:2004-02-05
发明作者:드그라도윌리엄에프；튜그레고리엔；클라인마이클엘；리우다후이；유안징
申请人:더 유니버시티 오브 펜실베니아；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FACIALLY AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS AS ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS}
[1] Reference to prior application
[2] This application claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 274,145, filed March 8, 2001.
[3] Government support
[4] The present invention was supported in part by the US Government Fund (NSF Grant DMR00-79909), so that the US government may have certain rights in the present invention.
[6] Amphiphilic molecules represent unique sites of polar and nonpolar features. Such sites can result from the substitution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substituents with specific unique sites of the morphologically defined molecule. Alternatively, morphologically flexible molecules or macromolecules may adopt an ordered structure in which hydrophobic and hydrophilic substituents on the molecule are separated into different regions or faces of the molecule. Commonly represented amphiphilic molecules include surfactants, soaps, detergents, peptides, proteins and copolymers. Such molecules have the ability to self-assemble in a suitable solvent or at the interface to form various amphiphilic structures. The size and shape of such structures depend on the specific composition and solvent conditions of the amphiphilic molecule, such as pH, ionic strength and temperature.
[7] Amphiphilic peptides with unique broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties have been isolated from various natural sources, including plants, frogs, moths, silkworms, pigs, and humans (HG Boman Immunol Rev. 2000 173: 5-16; RE Hancock and R. Lehrer, Trends Biotechnol. 1998 16: 82-88). The compounds include margarine 1 (1) and demasceptin S1 (2) isolated from the skin of frogs and cecropin A (3) isolated from cecropia moth. The natural compound has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and does not allow bacterial resistance to be easily developed. The compound is a relatively low molecular weight peptide that is inclined to adopt an α-helical form in hydrophobic media, or close to the hydrophobic surface, resulting in surface amphipathic (ie 1/3 of the cylinder produced by the helical peptide) To 2/3 have a hydrophobic side chain, whereas:
[8] GIGKFLHSAGKFGKAFVGEIMKS-CO ₂ H (1)
[9] ALWKTMLKKLGTMALHAGKAALGAAADTISQGTQ-CO ₂ H (2)
[10] KWKLFKKIEKVGQNIRDGIIKAGPAVAVVGQATQIAK-NH ₂ (3)
[11] RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR-NH ₂ (4)
[12] The remaining compounds of have hydrophilic side chains. The hydrophilic side chain is mainly positively charged at neutral pH. Hydrophobic amino acids make up 40-60% of the total number of residues in most anti-microbial peptides. The selectivity of the amphiphilic peptide (eg for bacteria versus human erythrocytes) depends on the total hydrophobicity. The biological activity of the compound depends on the ratio of charged (c) residues to hydrophobic (h) residues. When the ratio is changed from 1: 1 (c: h) to 1: 2 (c: h), peptides having more hydrophobic residues tend to be more active against the red blood cell membrane. Physicochemical properties rather than the presence of specific amino acids or the tertiary structure of side chains. Related peptides have been isolated from mammals and the anti-microbial peptides have been suggested to be important components of the innate immune response (Gennaro, R. et al., Biopoylmers (Peptide Science) 2000,55, 31).
[13] This observation has recently extended to peptides consisting of β-amino acids (β-peptides). The non-natural polypeptide mimetics can also adopt stable α-helical and β-sheet structures, although the exact geometry of the α-helical and β-sheet structures is different from that produced by the α-amino acid oligomers. However, suitable localization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues results in amphiphilic forms with similar antimicrobial properties. It also confirms the importance of repeating periodicity of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the preparation of surface amphiphilic antimicrobial compounds (D. Seebach and JL Matthews, Chem Commun. 1997 2105; Hamuro, Y , Schneider, JP, DeGrado, WF, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 12200-12201; DH Appella et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999 121, 2309).
[14] Secondary structures other than helical may also cause amphiphilic compounds to be produced. Protegrin (4) is a series of related anti-microbial peptides (J. Chen et al., Biopolymers (Peptide Science), 2000 55 88). The presence of disulfide bond pairs between Cys ⁶ -Cys ¹⁵ and Cys ⁸ -Cys ¹³ results in amphiphilic monomeric anti-parallel β-sheets formed by chain ends and bound by β-turns. Amphiphilic β-sheet form is essential for anti-microbial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
[15] Data related to anti-microbial peptides include that surface alignment, alignment of polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar (hydrophobic) side chains on the opposite side of the secondary structural elements formed by the peptide backbone, depends on the biological activity of the anti-microbial peptide. Responsible, imply no amino acid sequence, any particular secondary / tertiary structure, chirality or receptor specificity.
[16] Properly substituted polymers lacking polyamide bonds can also adopt amphiphilic forms. Solid phase chemistry techniques have been used to synthesize meta-substituted phenylacetylenes that are folded into helical structures in a suitable solvent (JC Nelson et al., Science 1997 277: 1793-96; RB Prince et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000 39: 228-231). When the molecule is exposed to a polar solvent (acetonitrile), including all ethylene oxide side chain containing hydrocarbon backbones, the backbone collapses to minimize contact with the polar solvent. As a result of the meta substitution, the folded form is preferably helical. This helical folding is due to the "solvophobic" energy aspect, although the importance of advantageous π-π aromatic interactions in the folded state is also important. In addition, the addition of a less polar solvent (CHCl ₃ ) results in unfolding of the helical structure, demonstrating that the folding is reversible.
[17] Regioregular polythiophenes (5 and 6) contain a hydrophobic side chain on one side and a hydrophilic side chain on the other side of the highly ordered π-stack alignment, and the highly ordered π-stack alignment. It has been found to adopt an amphiphilic form. The polymers form thin films useful for the fabrication of nanocircuits (Bjomholm et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998 120, 7643), which materials are surface area amphiphiles as defined herein, but No biological properties have been reported.
[18]
[19] Antimicrobial peptides with some antimicrobial properties have been incorporated onto surfaces or bulk materials. HayPonie and colleagues of DuPont investigated that the activity of antibacterial peptides is covalently attached to a solid surface (SL Haynie et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1995 39: 301-7; S. Margel et al., J Biomed Mater Res, 1993 , 27: 1463-76). Various natural peptides and de novo design peptides were synthesized and tested for activity while still attached to the solid support. The activity of the peptide, when attached to a solid support, decreased although the peptide retained its broad spectrum of activity. For example, de novo design peptides, called E14LKK, have 1.5 mg / ml when attached to solid phase beads, whereas they have MBC (minium bactericidal activity) in a solution of 31 μg / ml. The porosity of Pepsyn K, a resin used for the synthesis, is small compared to bacteria (0.1 to 0.2 μm), and microorganisms cannot penetrate into the interior of the resin. Thus, the majority of peptides cannot be used for cell binding. Antimicrobial activity did not result from soluble components, no leached or hydrolyzed peptides were observed and the soluble extract was inactive. This study shows very convincingly that antimicrobial peptides retain their activity even when attached to a solid support. However, there is a need to optimize the presentation of peptides to increase their capacity.
[20] Other antimicrobial polymer materials have been reported that include chemical functionality known to have antimicrobial activity (J. C. Tiller et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2001 98: 5981-85). In most of these studies, chemical functional groups are used, such as alkylated pyridinium derivatives that are known to be toxic to mammalian cells. Antibiotic ciprofloxacin was grafted to the degradable polymer backbone (G. L. Y. Woo, et al., Biomaterials 2000 21: 1235-1246). The activity of the material depends on the cleavage of the active ingredient from the polymer backbone.
[21] Anti-infectious vinyl copolymers prepared by randomly polymerizing hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains to produce polymers having amphiphilic properties have also recently been described by W. H. Mandeville III et al. (US Pat. No. 6,034,129). The material is prepared by the polymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylate monomers. Alternatively, the hydrophobic side chains are derived from styrene derivatives in which ionic groups are copolymerized with hydrophilic acrylate monomers bonded to carboxylic acids. However, the polymers have relatively random alignment of polar and nonpolar groups and do not have surface area amphipathy as defined herein.
[22] An alternative process for the preparation of amphiphilic polymers is the preparation of block copolymers consisting of hydrophobic blocks (A) and hydrophilic blocks (B), usually polypropyleneoxy and polyethyleneoxy segments, respectively, with A-B, A-B-A or like copolymers. The copolymer also does not have surface area amphipathy as defined herein.
[5] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the design and synthesis of surface area amphiphilic polymeric compounds that can be coated on or incorporated into a material and have microbial properties and methods of designing the same. The present invention also relates to methods of identifying and designing surface area amphiphilic polymers and to methods of preventing or limiting microbial growth.
[23] Specific embodiments of the invention have been selected for purposes of illustration and description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. This embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
[24] Figure 1 illustrates a cartoon depicting the separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains on opposite sides of the polymer backbone.
[25] 2 shows the general structure of the surface area amphiphilic polyamides or polyester copolymers of formulas I and II, polyamides of formulas Ib and IIb, including representative monomers, aromatic and aliphatic components of aromatic polyamides of formulas Ia and IIa Two representative monomer units of are illustrated.
[26] 3 illustrates the general structure of a polyamide comprising extended linking groups between monomers.
[27] 4 illustrates the surface area amphiphilic polyurea, polycarbonate and polyurethane copolymers of general formula IV and representative monomer units of formulas IVa, IVb and IVc, respectively. Examples of two typical polyurea monomers are illustrated in Formulas IVd and IVe.
[28] 5 illustrates the complete structure of the surface area amphiphilic polyamide of formula (IId) and the polyurethane of formula (IVf).
[29] FIG. 6 illustrates typical examples of ortho- and meta-phenylene surface area amphiphilic polymers of formulas XII and XIII, respectively, derived from salicymidamide and anthranilimide.
[30] FIG. 7 illustrates the synthesis of substituted salicylic acid and anthranilic acid monomers of Formulas XII and XIII.
[31] 8 illustrates a method for synthesizing polyureas of formulas XIa-XIc.
[32] 9 illustrates antimicrobial data of polyamide and polyurea oligomers.
[33] FIG. 10 illustrates antimicrobial data of polyamide oligomers of Formula VII.
[34] 11 illustrates a time course of antibacterial activity of polyurea oligomers.
[35] Summary of the Invention
[36] One object of the present invention is to apply to devices, articles and surfaces, or to be dispersed throughout the devices, articles and surfaces, and to kill microorganisms upon contact, but to leach into the environment more slowly than conventional small molecule anti-microbial agents and anti-microbial It is to provide a new polymer compound having properties. Formulas I, II and IV:
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40] The polymeric material of may be deposited as a film on the substrate surface or dispersed throughout the substrate to provide an anti-microbial surface. The polymeric material of the present invention is an anti-microbial polymer designed to retain amphiphilic properties in the presence of microbial cell walls to rupture the membrane to kill this organism. The polymer material is also designed to have low toxicity against mammalian cells.
[41] The surface area amphiphilic polymer of the present invention is an aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic moiety wherein x is O, NR ³ or S, y is CO, CS or SO ₂ and A and B are suitably substituted with polar and nonpolar groups. Polyamide or polyester compounds of formula (I) and (II); polyureas, polycars of formula IV wherein x and y are O, NR ³ or S, z is CO, CS or SO ₂ and A and B are aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic moieties suitably substituted with polar and nonpolar groups Bamate, or polycarbonate compounds; And A and B are polyphenylene and heteroarylene compounds of formula (V) which are aromatic, heteroaromatic moieties suitably substituted with polar and nonpolar groups, with or without a single bond, a double bond or a triple bond. R, R ¹ and R ² are suitable end groups for certain polymer chains and their design is well known in the polymer art.
[42] The present surface area amphiphilic polymers may employ repeating secondary structural motifs that allow the polar and nonpolar sites of the molecule to separate into different spatial sites. Anti-microbial polymers adopt an amphiphilic form when placed in contact with the cell wall of a microorganism, and an amphiphilic molecule can disrupt essential cell wall functions, causing the microorganism to die.
[43] The present invention also provides a method of killing microorganisms on a surface by disposing a surface area amphiphilic polymer. Methods of preparing compositions incorporating surface area amphiphilic polymers include providing a solution dispersion or suspension of the polymer and applying it to the surface. Alternatively, the composition can be prepared by incorporating the polymer into plastics and then molding, molding, or extruding. The optimal method of delivering the polymer depends on several factors, including the desired coating thickness and the nature and placement of the substrate and the physical characteristics of the surface area amphipathic polymer.
[44] The surface area amphiphilic polymers of the present invention may have a significant range of molecular weights. Surface area amphiphilic molecules having a molecular weight of about 0.8 kD to about 20 kD are more susceptible to leaching from the substrate surface. Surface area amphiphilic polymers may be attached or immobilized on a substrate in any suitable manner, including covalent bonds, ionic interactions, coulomb interactions, hydrogen bonds or cross bonds. The polymers of the present invention provide surface-mediated microbial agents that kill only organisms in contact with the surface. In addition, the polymers of the present invention are stable for a long time and retain their bioactivity and are nontoxic to birds, fish, mammals and other higher organisms.
[45] The present invention also assists in assessing polymer morphology energy, identifying polymers having the ability to exhibit amphiphilic behavior, and identifying sites that are optimal for substitution of polar and nonpolar substituents that impart amphiphilicity. Provide computer-based calculation techniques.
[46] Microbial infections represent serious and persistent problems in human and animal health. Although amphiphilic α and β-peptides exhibit potent antibacterial activity, the preparation of large amounts of these peptides is difficult and expensive. Peptides are sensitive to enzymes and chemical hydrolysis. Exposure to microbial pathogens can occur in a variety of ways. Most subjects encountered daily have the potential to include infectious organisms, and new compounds and approaches for the control of microbial growth are extremely useful and have significant commercial potential. Antimicrobial peptides associated with margarine have desirable biological activity, but their usefulness is limited. It is an object of the present invention to provide new and stable antimicrobial polymers which are available from inexpensive and readily available monomers and can be incorporated into or on a wide variety of materials and are able to withstand chemical and enzymatic degradation.
[47] In recent years, the design of non-biological polymers with well-defined secondary and tertiary structures (SH Gellman et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 1998 31: 173-80; AE Barron and RN Zuckerman, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1999 3: 681-687; KD Stigers et al., Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1999 3: 714-723). One reason for this concern is, first of all, that the modern methods of solid phase organic chemistry (E. Atherton and RC Sheppard, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis A Practical Approach IRL Press Oxford 1989) are sequence-specific for homodispersion with molecular weights up to 5,000 Daltons. This is because the synthesis of the oligomer was made possible. The development of this new homodispersible sequence-specific oligomer field promises the creation of molecules with novel chemical and physical properties across the gap between polymer and protein science. Polymers are generally statistical mixtures of molecules consisting of one to several monomers. In contrast, peptides and proteins are generally molecules whose sequence, geometry, and stereochemical structure are precisely regulated and are generally constructed from monomers of> 15. Such homodisperse sequence-specific oligomers represent molecules that are characteristic of both polymers and proteins.
[48] The surface area amphiphilic polymer may be a homopolymer in which one monomer is substituted with both nonpolar and polar substituents, or a copolymer in which one monomer is substituted with a polar substituent and the other monomer is substituted with a nonpolar substituent. Since the antimicrobial activity results from the amphiphilic character imparted by the periodic pattern of the side chain rather than the exact spatial arrangement of the side chain, other substitution patterns are also expected to produce surface area amphiphilic polymers, all of which are included in the present invention. (See FIG. 7).
[49] The polyamide and polyester homopolymers and copolymers (FIG. 1) of the present invention may consist of single aromatic or heteroaromatic monomers alone, or may include both aromatic and aliphatic monomers. One embodiment of the invention is a copolymer comprising an aromatic monomer and an α-amino acid monomer. Polyamides and polyesters may be obtained by repeatedly bonding amino (or hydroxy) acid monomers (FIG. 1, I) or by alternating diamine (or dihydroxy) and dicarboxylic acid monomers (FIG. 1, II). I can make it. Many of the aromatic rings in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have a meta substitution pattern, which can be devised by those skilled in the art, and equivalent polymers with ortho or para orientations, and such modifications alter the shape and physical properties of the resulting polymer. You can see immediately that you can. In addition, although the copolymers of formulas Ia and IIa-IIc with one polar substituent and one nonpolar substituent are illustrated in FIG. 1, other substitution patterns are equally valid. The optimal substitution pattern is determined by the morphological properties of the polymer backbone.
[50] Although polyamides and polyesters are the most common examples of the present invention, other functional groups with similar results may also be incorporated into the polymer backbone. In particular, thioamides and thioesters are expected to have very similar properties. The distance between the aromatic rings can significantly affect the geometric pattern of the polymer, which can be altered by incorporating aliphatic chains of various lengths (FIG. 1, IIc). Although groups of formula (IIc) are illustrated by unsubstituted alkylene chains, these alkylene chains may be optionally substituted or may comprise amino acids, dicarboxylic acids or diamines. The distance between the monomers and the relative orientation of the monomers can also be altered by replacing the amide bond with a surrogate containing additional atoms (FIG. 2, XV-XVII). This replacement of the carbonyl group with dicarbonyl alters the distance between the monomers and the propensity of the dicarbonyl unit to adopt the anti-array of the two carbonyl moieties and alter the periodicity of the polymer. Pyromellitic anhydride (FIG. 2, IVg) presents another alternative to simple amide bonds that can significantly alter the morphology and physical properties of the copolymer (FIG. 1, IVb).
[51] Synthetic processes can be modified such that the range of molecular weights is different and the anti-microbial polymers of the present invention have a molecular weight selected to confer optimal physical and chemical properties for the particular application contemplated. In conventional polymer synthesis, products in the molecular weight range are produced. Polymer chemists will readily appreciate that the chain length of such polymers can be varied by techniques known in the polymer art. The molecular weight of the polymers of the present invention may range from about 800 daltons to about 350 kilodaltons. Advances in solid phase and solution phase synthesis of amino acid oligomers have led to the production of homogeneous polymers or oligomers of the order and size defined by available techniques, which techniques can be adapted to the present invention.
[52] Polyurea (FIG. 3, IVa), polycarbonate (FIG. 3, IVb) or polyurethane (FIG. 3, IVc) is a carboxylic acid derivative, showing properties similar to polyamides (N. Samson et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 65, 2265 (1997)). Formulas IVd and IVe in FIG. 3 depict two different substitution patterns that may be used. Other substitution patterns are equally valid.
[53] The polymer design process simply requires a structure in which the repeating order of the monomers matches the secondary structure adopted by the backbone. Once periodicity is observed, cationic secondary amphiphiles should be prepared by introducing and introducing monomers substituted with polar and nonpolar group monomers. Aromatic polyamides and ureas often have only some degree of torsional freedom (generally 2 or 4) per repeat. In this case, the secondary structure adopted by this polymer is most planar with polar and nonpolar groups extending from opposite sides of the backbone. In some cases, the desired surface affinity can be achieved through simple master designs.
[54] Additional molecular features can be added to the macromolecular backbone to promote the desired secondary structure and colden other structures to combine elements of positive and negative designs. Morphological studies of biofoldamers (proteins and RNA), and early studies of various order-specific polymers, have shown that several factors are crucial to adopting the desired folding form in a polymer. Key factors include strong electrostatic interactions (i.e. intramolecular hydrogen bonds) between adjacent or further distanced monomers and rigidity caused by skeletal torsional or bulk functional groups. For example, the presence of a large number of hydrogen bond acceptors and acceptors along the macromolecular backbone can widen the intermolecular backbone interaction. Accurate placement of well-designed intramolecular interactions can stabilize the desired secondary structure while blocking backbone hydrogen bond acceptors that limit intermolecular coagulation problems. For example, for polyureas and polyamides, thioethers (FIG. 3, XIa-c) are located between two aromatic nitrogens to form internal hydrogen bonds between sulfur and urea functional groups. This helps to define the entire sheet-like secondary structure by limiting the torsion angle of the aromatic carbon-urea NH bonds by allowing the NH groups to be on the same side as the heteroatoms. The secondary structure in this framework is expected to be nearly planar. Similarly, poly-anthranilate polymers (Formula XIII) are known as Hamuro and Hamilton (Y. Hamuro et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996) that intermolecular hydrogen bonds define the secondary structure of the poly-arylamides. 119: 10587-93).
[55]
[56]
[57] The chain length, hydrophobicity and charge distribution of margarine and other natural antibacterial peptides vary considerably. However, such linear peptides tend to adopt α-helical forms in hydrophobic environments, such as cell surfaces or natural or synthetic membranes, including positively charged amino acids and large hydrophobic moments (Z. Oren and Y. Shai Biopolymers (Peptide science), 1998 47, 451-463). The periodic distribution of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains in the amino acid sequence allows the separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains to the opposite side of the cylinder formed by the helix. The overall amphipathy, not the specific sequence, secondary structure or chirality, correlates best with anti-microbial activity. As such, any suitably amphiphilic material (not necessarily of the α-helical or β-sheet form) has been shown to have anti-microbial properties. A requirement for the formation of surface area amphipathic structures is that the molecule should have polar and nonpolar side chains of the repeating pattern and its periodicity should be approximately the same as that of the desired secondary structure.
[58] The term "microorganism" as used herein includes bacteria, algae, fungi, yeast, mycoplasmids, parasites and protozoa.
[59] As used herein, the term "antimicrobial agent", "microbial agent", or "biocide" means that the substance inhibits, prevents or destroys the growth or proliferation of microorganisms. Such activity may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic. As used herein, the term "bactericidal" means killing microorganisms. As used herein, the term "bacteriostatic" means inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, which may be reversible under certain conditions.
[60] The term "polymer," as used herein, refers to a macromolecule comprising a plurality of repeat units or monomers. The term includes homopolymers formed from a single type of monomer and copolymers formed from two or more different monomers. In the copolymer, the monomers can be randomly distributed (random copolymer), alternating (alternating copolymer) or block (block copolymer). The polymers of the invention are homopolymers or alternating copolymers. The term "polymer," as used herein, is intended to exclude proteins, peptides, polypeptides, and other proteinaceous materials consisting solely of α or β-amino acids. As used herein, the term "oligomer" refers to a homogeneous polymer having a defined order and molecular weight.
[61] As used herein, the term "polymer backbone" or "backbone" refers to a portion of a polymer that is a continuous chain that contains bonds formed between monomers upon polymerization. The construction of the polymer backbone can be described in terms of the identity of the monomers from which it is formed, regardless of the branching off the polymer backbone, or the composition of the side chains.
[62] The term "polymer side chain" or "side chain" refers to the part of the monomer which, after polymerization, leaves the polymer backbone to form an extension. In homopolymers, all polymer side chains are derived from the same monomer. The copolymer may comprise two or more unique side chains from different monomers.
[63] The term "alkyl" as used herein denotes a monovalent saturated branched or straight chain hydrocarbon chain. Unless stated otherwise, such chains contain from 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Typical examples of such alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neo-pentyl, iso-pentyl, hexyl, iso-hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, tri Decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and the like. When modified "lower", an alkyl group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms. As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic hydrocarbon chain. Representative groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[64] The phrase "group containing chemically non-uniform ends" refers to functional groups such as ester amides, sulfonamides and N-hydroxyoximes, where the orientation of the substituents is reversed, for example R ¹ C (= O) When OR ² vs. R ¹ O (O =) CR ² , unique chemical entities are produced.
[65] As used herein, the term “basic heterocycle” refers to a cyclic atomic arrangement comprising a nitrogen atom with a pKa greater than about 5 and which is added protons under physiological conditions. Representatives of such basic heterocycles include pyridine, quinoline, imidazole, imidazoline, cyclic guanidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, dihydropyrazoline, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazine And derivatives thereof, such as 2-aminopyridine, 4-aminopyridine, 2-aminoimidazoline, 4-aminoimidazoline, or X1 is O, N, or S or absent and i is 2-4 There is a compound of formula VII:
[66]
[67] As used herein, the term "amphoteric" refers to a three-dimensional structure having discrete hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites. Amphiphilic polymers require that both hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements be present along the polymer backbone. The presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups is a necessary condition for the preparation of amphiphilic molecules or polymers, but this is not sufficient. Often polymers adopt a random or disordered form in which the side chains are randomly located in space and where no unique hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites are present.
[68] As used herein, the term "surface amphipathic" or "surface amphipathic" adopts a form (s) that allows the polar and nonpolar side chains to separate into the opposite side or individual sites of the structure, and that includes polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar ( Hydrophobic) side chains. The structure can include any of the energy-prone low-energy forms for a given polymer backbone. In addition, random or block copolymers may adopt random backbone forms that do not lead to unique hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites or that do not separate along different polymer sides. Such copolymers are not surface amphiphiles as defined herein.
[69] The term "natural amino acid" means the L-isomer of a natural amino acid. Natural amino acids are glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, cysteine, proline, histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, carboxyglutamic acid, arginine, ornithine and ornithine . Unless specifically indicated, all amino acids represented in the present application are L-type.
[70] As used herein, the term "side chain of natural amino acid" refers to a substituent on the a-carbon of an amino acid. The term "polar side chain of a natural amino acid" denotes a side chain of an amino acid that is positively charged, negatively charged, or hydrophilic. The term "non-polar side chain of natural amino acid" refers to the side chain of hydrophobic amino acid.
[71] As used herein, the term "positively charged amino acid" or "cationic amino acid" includes natural or unnatural amino acids having side chains that are positively charged under normal physiological conditions. Examples of positively charged natural amino acids include arginine, lysine and histidine.
[72] The term "hydrophilic amino acid" means an amino acid having an uncharged polar side chain that is relatively soluble in water. Examples of natural hydrophilic amino acids are serine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, and cysteine.
[73] The term "hydrophobic amino acid" means an amino acid having an uncharged nonpolar side chain that is relatively insoluble in water. Examples of natural hydrophobic amino acids are alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine.
[74] One embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula
[75] [Formula I]
[76]
[77] [In the formula,
[78] x is NR ³ , O, or S, y is C═O, C = S, O = S═O, or —C (O =) C (═O) —, and R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl ego;
[79] Both A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, p-phenylene or optionally substituted heteroarylene, wherein (i) A and B are both polar (P) groups and nonpolar (NP ) Or (ii) one of A and B is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group, and the other of A and B is neither substituted with a polar (P) group nor with a nonpolar (NP) group. Or (iii) one of A or B is substituted with a polar (P) group and the other of A or B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group);
[80] One of A and B is o-, m-, p-phenylene or heteroarylene, and the other of A and B is C ₃ to C ₈ cycloalkyl or (CH ₂ ) _q wherein q is 1 to 7 (I) one of A or B is optionally substituted with one or more polar (P) group (s) and the other of A or B is optionally substituted with one or more nonpolar (NP) group (s), or (ii) A is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group and B is a C ₃ to C ₈ cycloalkyl or (CH ₂ ) _{q with} q from 1 to 7, and B is one or more polar (P) or nonpolar (NP Is independently optionally substituted with a group);
[81] R ¹ is (i) -yC and R ² is OH, or NH ₂ , wherein C is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, vinyl, 2-propenyl, Hx- (CH ₂ ) _p- , (C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy) C (= O) (CH ₂ ) _p- , C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, benzyloxy, t-butoxy, pyridine and phenyl, wherein the pyridine or phenyl is halo, nitro, cya Or optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl), or (ii) H, R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W, wherein x is as defined above, p is as defined below, and W is N-maleimide or V), or (iii) R ¹ and R ² are both single bonds;
[82] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₈ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more Monocyclic or polycyclic phenyl optionally substituted with C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or halo groups, and optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, or halo groups Is a nonpolar group selected independently from the group consisting of monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl, and U and p are independently defined);
[83] P is of formula IIIa:
[84] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
[85] (From here,
[86] U is absent or O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , NH, -C (= 0) O-, -C (= 0) NH-, -C (= 0) S -, -C (= S) NH-, -S (O) ₂ NH-, and C (= NO-), wherein groups comprising two chemically non-uniform ends can adopt both possible orientations Is selected from the group consisting of;
[87] V is amino, hydroxyl, thio, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine , Semicarbazone, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, basic heterocycle, and lower acylamino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
[88] Alkylene chains are optionally substituted or unsaturated with amino or hydroxyl groups)
[89] A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl and polyoxyethylene;
[90] p is independently 0 to 8;
[91] m is 2 to at least about 500].
[92] Another embodiment is a polymeric compound of Formula VII:
[93] [Formula VII]
[94]
[95] [In the formula,
[96] One of R ⁹ or R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ is a polar (P) group and the other of R ⁹ or R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ is a nonpolar (NP) group;
[97] P is the formula IIIb:
[98] -(CH ₂ ) _p -V
[99] Wherein V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine , Lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ di optionally substituted with guanidine, semicarbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazin, and one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
[100] Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
[101] Is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
[102] p is independently 0 to 8,
[103] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[104] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula
[105]
[106] [In the formula,
[107] One of R ⁹ or R ¹¹ is a polar (P) group or a nonpolar (NP) group, and the other of R ⁹ or R ¹¹ is another polar (P) group or a nonpolar (NP) group;
[108] NP is — (CH ₂ ) _p —R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₂ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more C ₁ -C ₄ P is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or phenyl optionally substituted with halo, and at least one C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, or heteroaryl optionally substituted with halo, and p is As defined below;
[109] P is the formula IIIb:
[110] [Formula IIIb]
[111] -(CH ₂ ) _p -V
[112] Wherein V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine , Lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ di optionally substituted with guanidine, semicarbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazin, and one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
[113] Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
[114] A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
[115] p is independently 0-8.
[116] In an embodiment of the present invention, R ⁹ is a polar side chain of a natural amino acid, and R ¹¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n- Polymer compound of formula (IX) selected from the group consisting of pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, and benzyl.
[117] In another embodiment of the invention, R ⁹ is a non-polar side chain of the natural amino acid, and R ¹¹ is the following formula IIIb:
[118] [Formula IIIb]
[119] -(CH ₂ ) _p -V
[120] Wherein V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine , Lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ di optionally substituted with guanidine, semicarbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazin, and one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Selected from the group consisting of alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino)
[121] Is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene, and p is a polymer compound of formula (IX) independently of 0-8.
[122] Another embodiment of the present invention,
[123] x is NH and y is C═O or C═S;
[124] A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, or p-phenylene, 2,5-thiophenylene or 2,5-pyrrylene;
[125] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₂ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, from C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or halo groups optionally substituted phenyl, and one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, or halo groups the group consisting of an optionally substituted heteroaryl, Is selected from U and p are as defined below);
[126] P is of formula IIIa:
[127] [Formula IIIa]
[128] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
[129] (From here,
[130] U is absent or is O, S, SO, SO ₂ , or NH;
[131] V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine, semi Carbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazine, and lower acylamino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
[132] Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
[133] A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl and polyoxyethylene;
[134] p is independently 0 to 8;
[135] m is from 2 to at least about 500
[136] Is a polymeric compound of formula (I).
[137] Embodiment of this invention,
[138] x is NR ³ , R ³ is hydrogen, y is C═O or C = S;
[139] A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, or p-phenylene;
[140] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert Is a nonpolar group independently selected from the group consisting of -butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl, and U and p are as defined below;
[141] P is the polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine);
[142] p is independently 0 to 8;
[143] m is from 2 to at least about 500
[144] Is a polymeric compound of formula (I).
[145] Another embodiment of the present invention,
[146] x is NR ³ , y is C═O and R ³ is hydrogen;
[147] A and B are m- or p-phenylene, wherein (i) A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position, or (ii) A Is substituted at the 2-position with a polar (P) group and at the 5-position with a nonpolar (NP) group and B is substituted with a non-polar (NP) group at the 2-position and a polar (P) group at the 5-position, or (iii A is substituted at the 2-position with one of the polar (P) or non-polar (NP) groups and B is substituted at the 2-position with the other of the nonpolar (NP) or polar (P) groups;
[148] NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
[149] p is independently 0 to 8;
[150] m is from 2 to at least about 500
[151] Is a polymeric compound of formula (I).
[152] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula
[153]
[154] [In the formula,
[155] NP is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl Is a nonpolar group, and U and p are as defined below;
[156] P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O, S, or atom free, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[157] p is independently 0 to 8;
[158] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[159] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymer according to claim 8 comprising a compound of formula XIV:
[160]
[161] [In the formula,
[162] NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
[163] P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O, S, or atom free, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[164] p is independently 0 to 8;
[165] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[166] Another embodiment of the present invention,
[167] x is NR ³ , y is CO and R ³ is hydrogen;
[168] A and B are o-phenylene, wherein A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 5-position, and B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position;
[169] NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
[170] P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O, S, or atom free, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , selected from the group consisting of pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[171] p is independently 0 to 8;
[172] m is 2 to at least about 500].
[173] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula
[174] [Formula XIII]
[175]
[176] [In the formula,
[177] NP is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl Is a nonpolar group, and U and p are as defined below;
[178] P is a polar group (CH ₂ ) _p -V, wherein V is selected from the group consisting of amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, guanidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[179] p is independently 0 to 8;
[180] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[181] An embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula XV:
[182]
[183] [In the formula,
[184] R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently polar (P) groups and R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently nonpolar (NP) groups substituted at one of the remaining unsubstituted carbon atoms, or R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently nonpolar (NP) ) And R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently polar (P) groups;
[185] NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U is a nonpolar group independently selected from:
[186] P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O or S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, guanidine, pyridine, piperazine, and Selected from the group consisting of 4-alkylpiperazine;
[187] p is independently 0 to 8;
[188] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[189] Embodiment of this invention,
[190] x and y can be taken independently (i) (where x is NR ³ , O, S, (CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) NR ³ , (CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) O, or (CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) S And y is C = O, C = S, O = S = O, -C (= O) C (= O)-, (CR ⁵ R ⁶ ) C = O or (CR ⁵ R ⁶ ) C = S R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; (ii) together form pyromellitic diimide; R ⁵ and R ⁶ together are (CH ₂ ) ₂ NR ¹² (CH ₂ ) ₂ and R ¹² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —C (═N) CH ₃ or C (═NH) —NH ₂ ; R ⁷ and R ⁸ together are (CH ₂ ) _p , wherein p is as defined below;
[191] Both A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, p-phenylene, or optionally substituted heteroarylene, wherein (i) A and B are both polar (P) groups and nonpolar ( NP) groups, or (ii) one of A and B is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group and the other of A and B is neither a polar group nor a nonpolar group, or (iii) A Or one of B is substituted with a polar (P) group and the other of A or B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group);
[192] R ¹ is (i) -ByR ² , R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W wherein x is as defined above and W is hydrogen; halogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, Phenyl optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, and carboxyl, N-maleimide, or V as defined below, wherein p is as defined below) ; (ii) R ¹ and R ² are both single bonds;
[193] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₈ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more Monocyclic or polycyclic phenyl optionally substituted with C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or halo groups, and optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, or halo groups Is a nonpolar group selected independently from the group consisting of monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl, and U and p are independently defined);
[194] P is of formula IIIa:
[195] [Formula IIIa]
[196] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
[197] (From here,
[198] U is absent or O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , NH, -C (= 0) O-, -C (= 0) NH-, -C (= 0) S -, -C (= S) NH-, -S (O) ₂ NH-, and C (= NO-), wherein groups comprising two chemically non-uniform ends can adopt both possible orientations Is selected from the group consisting of;
[199] V is amino, hydroxyl, thio, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine , Semicarbazone, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, basic heterocycle, and lower acylamino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
[200] Alkylene chains are optionally substituted or unsaturated with amino or hydroxyl groups)
[201] A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl and polyoxyethylene;
[202] p is independently 0 to 8;
[203] m is from 2 to at least about 500
[204] Is a polymeric compound of formula (II).
[205] Another embodiment of the present invention,
[206] x is NH and y is CO;
[207] A and B are m- or p-phenylene, wherein (i) A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position, or (ii) A Is substituted at the 2-position with a polar (P) group and at the 5-position with a nonpolar (NP) group and B is substituted with a non-polar (NP) group at the 2-position and a polar (P) group at the 5-position, or B is Unsubstituted);
[208] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ (wherein R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-pentyl And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
[209] P is the polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[210] p is independently 0 to 8;
[211] m is from 2 to at least about 500
[212] Is a polymeric compound of formula (II).
[213] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula II wherein A is optionally substituted 1,3-diaminobenzene and B is optionally substituted iso-phthalic acid.
[214] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula
[215]
[216] [In the formula,
[217] R ⁴ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl;
[218] U is O or S;
[219] V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, or guanidine;
[220] p is independently 0 to 8;
[221] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[222] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula XVI:
[223]
[224] [In the formula,
[225] R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently polar (P) groups and R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently nonpolar (NP) groups substituted at one of the remaining unsubstituted carbon atoms, or R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently nonpolar (NP) ) And R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently polar (P) groups;
[226] NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U is a nonpolar group independently selected from:
[227] P is the polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[228] U is O or S;
[229] V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, or guanidine;
[230] p is independently 0 to 8;
[231] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[232] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula
[233]
[234] [In the formula,
[235] j is independently 0 or 1, R ⁵ and R ⁶ together are (CH ₂ ) ₂ NH (CH ₂ ) ₂ , and R ⁷ and R ⁸ together are (CH ₂ ) _p , wherein p is 4 to 6 Im).
[236] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula IV:
[237] [Formula IV]
[238]
[239] [In the formula,
[240] x is NR ³ or NHNH and y is NR ³ , NHNH, S or O and R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
[241] z is C═O, —C (═O) C (═O) —, C═S or O═S═O;
[242] A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, p-phenylene, or optionally substituted heteroarylene, wherein (i) A and B are both polar (P) groups and nonpolar (NP) Or (ii) one of A and B is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group and the other of A and B is neither a polar group nor a nonpolar group, or (iii) A or B One is substituted with one or two polar (P) group (s) and the other of A or B is substituted with one or two nonpolar (NP) group (s), or (iv) A is 2- Substituted with a polar (P) group in the position and a non-polar (NP) group in the 5-position and B is unsubstituted);
[243] R ¹ is (i) -ByR ² , R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W wherein x is as defined above and W is hydrogen, pyridine and phenyl (wherein the pyridine Or phenyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl) R ¹ is H and R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -V or (ii) R ¹ and R ² are both single bonds;
[244] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ is C ₁ -C ₁₈ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₈ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more C ₁ Monocyclic or polycyclic phenyl optionally substituted with -C ₄ alkyl or halo group, and monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with at least one C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl or halo group, U and p is a nonpolar group independently selected from: as defined below;
[245] P is of formula IIIa:
[246] [Formula IIIa]
[247] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
[248] (From here,
[249] U is absent or O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , NH, -C (= 0) O-, -C (= 0) NH-, -C (= 0) S -, -C (= S) NH-, -S (= O) ₂ NH-, and C (= NO-), wherein groups containing two chemically non-uniform ends may adopt both possible orientations Can be selected);
[250] V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine, semi Optionally substituted with carbazone, basic heterocycle, and lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and amino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Phenyl is selected from the group consisting of;
[251] Alkylene chains are optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups or optionally unsaturated)
[252] A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl and polyoxyethylene;
[253] p is independently 0 to 8;
[254] m is 2 to at least about 500].
[255] Another embodiment of the present invention,
[256] x and y are NR ³ , z is C═O or C═S and R ³ is hydrogen;
[257] A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, or p-phenylene;
[258] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₂ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more Independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl optionally substituted with a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, and heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl groups, and U and p are as defined below). Nonpolar group;
[259] P is of formula IIIa:
[260] [Formula IIIa]
[261] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
[262] (From here,
[263] U is O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , or NH or absent;
[264] V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine, semi Carbazone and imidazole optionally substituted with lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and amino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Selected from the group consisting of ferridine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazine and phenyl;
[265] Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
[266] Is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
[267] p is independently 0 to 8;
[268] m is from 2 to at least about 500
[269] Is a polymeric compound of formula IV.
[270] Embodiment of this invention,
[271] x and y are NH and z is C═O;
[272] A and B are m- or p-phenylene and (i) A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position, or (ii) A is 5- Position is substituted with a polar (P) group and B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 2-position, or (iii) A and B are both with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, and a nonpolar (NP) with the 5-position Or (iv) A is substituted with a polar (P) group in the 2-position and a non-polar (NP) group in the 5-position and B is unsubstituted;
[273] NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso -Pentyl, and sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
[274] P is a polar group -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[275] p is independently 0 to 8;
[276] m is from 2 to at least about 500
[277] Is a polymeric compound of formula IV.
[278] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula XIV:
[279] Formula XIV
[280]
[281] [In the formula,
[282] R ⁴ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl, U and p are as defined below;
[283] U is absent or is O or S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperi Dine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
[284] p is 0 to 8;
[285] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[286] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of formula
[287]
[288] [In the formula,
[289] R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently polar (P) groups and R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently nonpolar (NP) groups substituted at one of the remaining unsubstituted carbon atoms, or R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently nonpolar (NP) ) And R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently polar (P) groups;
[290] NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
[291] P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O or S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, guanidine, pyridine, piperazine, and Selected from the group consisting of 4-alkylpiperazine;
[292] p is independently 0 to 8;
[293] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[294] Another embodiment of the invention is a polymeric compound of Formula XVIII
[295]
[296] [In the formula,
[297] NP is R ⁴ or-(CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl is selected from the group consisting of n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl, and p is a nonpolar group independently selected from:
[298] P is a polar group (CH ₂ ) _p -V where V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine);
[299] p is independently 0 to 8;
[300] m is 2 to at least about 30].
[301] Polyamides and polyesters useful in the present invention can be prepared by typical condensation polymerization and addition polymerization processes [G. Odian, Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley & Sons, Third Edition (1991), M. Steven, Polymer Chemistry, Oxford University Press, (1999). Most commonly, polyamides are prepared by (a) thermal dehydration of amine salts of carboxylic acids, (b) reaction of acid chlorides with amines, and (c) gaamine decomposition of esters. Processes (a) and (c) are generally limited to the polymerization of aniline derivatives prepared by the use of acid chlorides. However, if one is a skilled chemist, there are a number of alternative active acylating agents, for example phosphoryl anhydrides, active esters or azides, which may replace acid chlorides and may be superior to acid chlorides depending on the particular polymer to be prepared. Will admit that you can. The acid chloride route is perhaps the most versatile and has been widely used for the synthesis of aromatic polyamides.
[302]
[303] Homopolymers derived from substituted aminobenzoic acid derivatives (FIG. 1) can also be prepared in a stepwise fashion. The staged process includes coupling an N-protecting amino acid to an amine (or hydroxy), and then removing the amine-protecting group, and repeating this process. These techniques have been highly improved in the synthesis of specific peptides, allowing for a specific sequence of synthesis, and both solid phase and solution techniques in peptide synthesis are directly applicable to the present invention. An alternative embodiment of the present invention is the corresponding polysulfonamide, which may be prepared in a similar fashion by substituting carboxylic acid chloride with sulfonyl chloride.
[304] The most common method of preparing polyureas is to react diamines with diisocyanates (Yamaguchi, I. et al., Polym. Bull. 2000 44, 247). This exothermic reaction can be carried out by solution technology or interface technology. Those skilled in organic and polymeric chemistry will appreciate that diisocyanates can be replaced with a variety of other bis-acylating agents with similar results, for example phosgene or N, N '-(diimidazolyl) carbonyl. Polyurethanes are prepared by comparable techniques using diisocyanates and dialcohols, or by reaction of diamines with bis-chloroformates.
[305] The synthesis of suitably substituted monomers is straightforward. Many pathways are available for incorporation of polar and nonpolar side chains. Phenolic groups on the monomer may be alkylated. Alkylation of commercial phenols is accomplished by standard Williamson ether synthesis of nonpolar side chains using ethyl bromide as the alkylating agent. Polar side chains can be introduced using bifunctional alkylating agents, for example BOC-NH (CH ₂ ) ₂ Br. Alternatively, the phenol group can be alkylated to provide the desired polar side chain functionality using a Mitsonobu reaction with BOCNH (CH ₂ ) ₂ -OH, triphenyl phosphine, and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. Standard conditions for the reduction of nitro groups and the hydrolysis of esters provide amino acids. With aniline and benzoic acid in water, coupling can occur under various conditions. In contrast, the hydroxy group of (di) nitrophenol can be converted to leaving groups and functional groups introduced under nucleophilic aromatic substitution conditions (FIG. 8). Other possible scaffolds that can be prepared in a similar order are methyl 2-nitro-4-hydroxybenzoate (FIG. 9) and methyl 2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate.
[306] Antimicrobial testing is It is carried out using a micro-broth dilution technique using E. coli. Other organisms screened are ampicillin & streptomycin-resistant E. coli. E. coli D31, b. B. subtilis, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus facium A436, and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus. S. aureus 5332. Any peptide that is found to have activity is homogeneously purified and retested to yield the correct IC ₅₀ . Secondary screens include Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp1, and Salmonella typhimunium S5, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10. Traditionally, a single data point of only 18-24 hours was evaluated in the micro-broth dilution technique, but measurements can be extended to 24 hours to monitor cell growth throughout the entire growth phase. This experiment is carried out in LB medium (which is a rich medium commonly used for the growth of cells for protein expression) and represents an important initial screen for activity. Because salt concentrations, proteins, and other solutes can affect the activity of antibiotics, substances that show no activity in abundant medium were retested in minimal medium (M9) to determine whether abundant medium limits activity. . No association was observed between the medium and the activity, which is consistent with what is thought to be via normal membrane rupture.
[307] In order to measure toxicity to mammals, and bacterial cells, biocidal activity is assessed using both cultured cells and freshly obtained human blood cells. Increasing concentrations of polymers participate in fusion and non-fusion human navel endothelial cells (HUVEC, Cambrex) culture. Cell number, monolayer integrity, and cell viability (measured by trypan blue exclusion) in culture are evaluated as a function of time.
[308] Although the synthesis of various polymer backbones is well understood, computer-assisted computer-assisted computational techniques can provide valuable insight and guidance in the selection of possible antimicrobial polymers. The goal of this computational use is to identify possible low energy forms with geometric repeats that match a convenient sequence repeat of less than six monomeric units. For example, for α-amino acid oligomers, the geometric β-sheet repeats are 2.0 residues. Once the repeating skeleton has been identified and the frequency of repetition is calculated, polar and nonpolar substituents can be incorporated into the monomers to impart amphiphilic properties to this molecule.
[309] The high level initial computation is one technique for identifying accessible low energy forms. Unfortunately, the technique is extremely powerful but not practical in terms of the molecular size of the molecules of the present invention. Molecular dynamics simulation provides an alternative that can be efficiently adapted to the molecules envisioned herein. The main factors in morphological energy measurement are strong electrostatic interactions (ie, intermolecular hydrogen bonds) between adjacent or farther apart monomers and rigidification caused by skeletal torsional or bulk functional groups. To simulate this interaction in molecular dynamics calculations, empirical parameters, ie force fields, must be determined for the representative polymer backbone. Density Function Theory (DFT) can be used in the conduct of initial calculations for small model compounds that share basic polymer backbone structural connectivity and produce the required torsional dislocations. The procedure for performing such computations using a computer is as follows:
[310] 1. Selection of simple model compounds that share a torsional pattern similar to the target polymer backbone.
[311] 2. For each compound, performing optimization of the overall geometry in the theory of BLYP / 6-31G (d) levels (getting a number of initial coordinations to ensure an overall minimum).
[312] 3. Single point energy calculation in the most stable geometry obtained in step 2 using B3LYP / 6-311G ++ (dp) or plane wave CPMD.
[313] 4. Force the relevant torsion to the set angle and repeat steps 2 and 3.
[314] 5. Repeat step 4 for various angles and subtract unbound interactions to obtain torsional energy.
[315] 6. Fitting the torsion angle for the cosine series, where energy versus coefficient is a force field parameter.
[316] Computation of the structural and thermodynamic properties by computer calculations confirms the suitability of the force field by comparing the molecules with similar torsion patterns with experimental data available, and then fitting the torsion to the combined stretch, bending, one-four ), Van der Waals, and CHARMM (BR Brooks et al., J. Comp. Chem. 1983 4: 187-217) and TraPPE (MG Martin and JI Siepmann, J. Phys. Chem B. 1999 103: 4508-17; CD Wick et al., J. Phys. Chem B. 2000 104: 3093-3104) and electrostatic potentials borrowed from molecular dynamics force fields. Polar groups and nonpolar groups were aligned on opposite sides to identify shapes that could adopt a periodic folding pattern. Initial structures can be obtained in Gaussian packages (M. Frisch et al., Gaussian 98 (revision A. 7) Gaussian Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 1998). The parallelized plane wave Car-Parrinello CP-MD (R, Car and M. Parrinello Phys. Rev. Lett. 1985 55: 2471-2474) program (U. Rothlisberger et al., J. Chem. Phys. 1996 3692- 3700) to obtain the minimum energy and forced geometry. The form of the polymer without side chains can be investigated in the gas phase. Both MD and MC methods are used for type sampling. The former is useful for the overall polymer motion. The latter is described by biasing techniques (JI Siepmann and D. Frenkel Mol. Phys. 1992 75: 59-70; MG Martin and JI Siepmann J. Phys. Chem. B 1999 103: 4508-4517; TJH Vlugt et al., Mol. Phys. 1998 94: 727-733) enables efficient sampling of polymers with multiple local minimum arrangements separated by relatively large barriers.
[317] In a possible form, the attachment position of the hanging groups giving the amphiphilic character to the secondary structure is investigated. Polymers selected from gas phase studies and having a suitable skeletal morphology and side chains at positions optimal for the introduction of amphiphiles are further evaluated in the model interfacial system n-hexane / water, which is calculated by computer use. This is because it is simple and inexpensive, while excellently mimicking the lipid / water bilayer environment. Polymer secondary structures requiring polymer-to-polymer interactions are calculated using the above-described series of unit cells of varying symmetry (so-called variable cell molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo technology) that are periodically repeated in the presence or absence of a solvent. It can be identified by repeating. The result of the calculation is an indicator of candidate selection for synthesis.
[318] Embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
[319] (1) selecting a polymer backbone or framework suitable for the site-specific introduction of polar (P) and nonpolar (NP) groups;
[320] (2) determining parameters in the molecular dynamics force field using quantum mechanical calculations from the beginning;
[321] (3) calculating the energy obtainable form of the backbone using molecular dynamics or molecular dynamics calculations;
[322] (4) identifying the energetically obtainable form of the skeleton in which the periodicity of the geometric / morphological structural repeats matches the ordered repeats;
[323] (5) synthesizing monomers having polar and nonpolar substituents;
[324] (6) synthesizing an antimicrobial polymer comprising the monomer by solution or solid phase synthesis;
[325] Computer-assisted computational technique for the identification of polymer backbones that can produce surface area amphiphilic polymers.
[326] The surface amphiphilic polymers of the present invention may have a significant range of molecular weights. Surface area amphiphilic molecules having a molecular weight of about 0.8 kD to about 20 kD tend to leach better from the substrate surface. Surface area amphiphilic polymers include, but are not limited to wood, paper, synthetic polymers (plastics), natural and synthetic fibers, by any suitable method, including covalent bonds, ionic interactions, coulomb interactions, hydrogen bonds, or crosslinking It can be attached, applied or incorporated into virtually any substrate, including natural and synthetic rubbers, fabrics, glass and ceramics. Examples of synthetic polymers include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethanes, polyesters such as polylactide, polyglycolide, rubbers such as polyisoprene, Elastically deformable polymers, which may be thermoset or thermoplastic, including polybutadiene or latex, polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfone and polyethylenesulfone polymers or copolymers. Examples of natural fibers include cotton, wool and linen.
[327] As such, the polymers of the present invention provide surface-mediated microbicides that only kill the organism upon contact with the surface. In addition, the polymers of the present invention are stable for a long time and retain their bioactivity. The polymer bound to the surface does not leach from the surface to the environment. Specificity can be imparted to microbial cell walls that can provide polymers with reduced toxicity to birds, fish, mammals and other higher organisms.
[328] Any subject exposed to or susceptible to bacterial or microbial contamination can be treated with such a polymer. This need is particularly important in the health care and food industry. The growing interest in preservatives has created a need for new materials that prevent microbial contamination without the inclusion of preservatives. The occurrence of infections from foodborne pathogens is a continuing concern, and antimicrobial packaging, utensils and surfaces are valuable. In the area of health care and medical devices, the use of antimicrobial machines, packaging and surfaces becomes apparent. Although not limited thereto, all products used internally or externally to human or animal health, including surgical gloves, implantable devices, sutures, catheters, dialysis membranes, water filters, and utensils, may or may not reproduce pathogens. All can deliver pathogens. The polymers of the present invention may be incorporated into processable fibers for use in materials susceptible to bacteria, including fabrics, surgical gowns, and carpets. Ophthalmic solutions and contact lenses are easily contaminated and cause eye infections. Antimicrobial storage containers and cleaning solutions for contact lenses are very valuable. Both pets and agricultural animals are exposed to a variety of infectious pathogenic organisms that can cause disease in animals or humans, and the animals are breeding.
[329] Traditionally, as documented in many studies, dating back to Blodgett's and Langmuir's original work, monolayers are created at the air / water interface and transferred to various chemical and structural characterization surfaces. The monolayer can be chemically bonded to a solid support to produce a stable, uniformly packed molecular layer that self-aggregates by absorption. Generally, such self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) are bound to solids by covalent bonds using alkylsiloxanes or thiolate-gold bonds (see M. Mrksich, Cell Mol Life Sci, 1998 54: 653- for review). 62; M. Mrksich and GM Whitesides Ann Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 1996 25: 55-78). Alkylthiolate-gold bonds can be formed on the surface of gold by spontaneous absorption of thiols or disulfides. Gold layers can be deposited on most solid surfaces to provide great versatility. Alkylsiloxane monolayers can be prepared by reacting a trialkoxysilane or trichlorosilane with a silicon dioxide surface to produce a monolayer of cross-linked siloxane on the surface. The siloxane monolayer can be formed on any solid comprising surface silanol groups, including atomically smooth surface silicon oxide wafers, glass and quartz. These two chemical actions allow the amphiphilic polymer to adhere to various surfaces.
[330] Such amphiphilic polymers can incorporate linkers to allow the polymers to interact more efficiently with the environment around the solid surface. Bond chemistry has been described that allows the presentation of peptides and proteins in their natural form while minimizing interaction with the underlying substrate. For example, alkane thiols in general form, HS- (CH ₂ ) _11- (OCH ₂ -CH ₂ ) n-OH (expressed as HS-C ₁₁ -En, n = 3-6), are receptor / ligands. It is now widely used for the study of interactions (M. Mrksich, Cell Mol Life Sci, 1998 54: 653-62; M. Mrksich and GM Whitesides Ann Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 1996 25: 55-78). Polyethylene glycol derived amino acids such as Fmoc-NH- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) ₂ ) -CH ₂ -COOH (Neosystems) have also been described. Cys is added to the N-terminus and acts as a group to enable coupling through its thiol, directly or through chemiselective ligation (TW Muir et al., Methods Enzymol. 1997 289: 266-98; GG Kochendoerfer et al., Biochemistry 1999 38: 11905-13). Thiol groups serve to bind molecules to the gold surface, while terminal hydroxyl and ethylene glycol groups protrude toward the solvent to provide a hydrophilic surface. Adhesion to siloxane and polyethylene surfaces has also been described (SPMassia and J. Stark J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 2001 56: 390-9; SP Massia and JA Hubbel J. Cell Biol. 1991 114: 1089-1100; SP Massia And JA Hubbel Anal.Biochem. 1990 187: 292-301; BT Houseman and M. Mrksich Biomaterials 2001 22: 943-55
[331]
[332] The resin-bonded intermediates can easily be modified to incorporate linkers. The glass surface includes (i) aminoalkylation of the glass surface by treatment with trimethoxysilylpropylamine; (ii) It can also be modified to react with thiol groups of peptides by reaction of amino groups with bromoacetyl bromide or other heterodifunctional crosslinkers that can also react with thiol groups. In this example, we illustrate the amino surface to which we introduced a bromoacetyl group for subsequent reaction with peptide thiols. Alternatively, thiol-reactive maleimide, vinyl-sulfone (Michael receptor) can be incorporated using commercially available crosslinking agents. Alternatively, surface amino groups can be treated with anhydride to convert to carboxylates and then to thioesters under standard conditions. The resulting thioesters react with N-terminal Cys residues easily and extremely regioselectively. The molar ratio of the oligomer to the "filler" component by incorporating a large amount of inert "filler" molecules, such as, but not limited to, monofunctional thiol-terminated short-chain polyethylene glycol polymers including, but not limited to, solids, It should be possible to continue to vary the surface density of the polymer attached to the support.
[333] Embodiments of the present invention provide an antimicrobial surface area amphiphilic polymer to a surface comprising treating the surface with a first chemical reactor and reacting the surface area amphiphilic polymer bound to the second reactor thereto. By attaching to create an antimicrobial surface.
[334] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of attaching a surface area amphiphilic polymer comprising activated carboxylic acid to a surface, wherein the solid surface is treated with 1- (trialkoxysilyl) alkylamine.
[335] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for attaching a surface area amphiphilic polymer comprising thiol to a surface, wherein the solid surface is treated with ω- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl bromomethylacetamide.
[336] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for attaching a surface area amphiphilic polymer comprising thiol to a surface, wherein the solid surface is treated with N- [ω- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl] maleimide.
[337] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of attaching a surface area amphiphilic polymer comprising thiol to a surface that is gold.
[338] Various polymers are used in hosts of medical applications that require sterile surfaces. Catheter such as venous catheter or catheter causes serious infection. Polyurethane based tubing is a major commercial catheter tubing source. Pre- and post-preparation techniques can be used to incorporate amphiphilic polymers into polyurethanes and other polymers. The advantage of the pre-incorporation process is that the modification method is simpler and it is simpler to disperse the antimicrobial agent throughout the tubing material. Tubing processes are generally extrusion methods in which polyurethane pellets are heated and pressurized through a dye to produce tubing of the desired diameter. The thermal stability of urethane bonds is very similar to amides, and urea bonds again suggest that thermal processing conditions should not be a problem. In the pre-manufacturing approach, the designed antimicrobial polymer is added to the original polyurethane pellets and then extruded to produce a uniform dispersion throughout the extruded polymer.
[339] In this case, post-preparation modifications are also possible, although the antimicrobial polymer is only present on the surface of the tubing. However, because the catheter has a minimum life cycle, the material must be sufficiently hygienic by surface treatment in its use. There are a variety of methods that can be used to modify the polymer surface (E. Piskin J. Biomat. Sci.-Polymer Ed. 1992 4: 45-60). The most common technique for attaching an amphiphilic polymer to a surface by covalent bonds relies on irradiation to generate free radicals that form a covalent bond between the polymer and the surfactant. Unfortunately, the method does not control the orientation or attachment of functional groups to the surface at all and is completely random. Alternatively, photooxidation or chemical oxidation of the polyurethane surface may produce carboxylic acid or alcohol functional groups (cationic side chains or cationic end groups) that are reactive toward the antimicrobial polymer. The most common surface oxidation technique is plasma etching, although ozone can also be used (E. Piskin loc. Cit .: S. H. Hsu and W. C. Chen, Biomaterials 2000 21: 359-67). After oxidation, the surface is treated with a bifunctional epoxide followed by addition of a cationic antimicrobial polymer that can react with the epoxide.
[340] Microbial growth on the surface of paints and paint films also remains an open question. This may occur in wet formulated paints or by microbial growth on dry surfaces. The paint industry now uses isothiazolones or "formaldehyde release agents" for the protection of wet paints from microorganisms (G. Sekaran et al., J. Applied Polymer Sci. 2001 81: 1567-1571; TJ Kelly et al., Environ Sci. Technol. 1999 33: 81-88; M. Sondossi et al., International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 1993 32: 243-61). Both of these products are harmful to humans and take great time and expense in factories to limit employee exposure, but at present there are no viable alternatives for industry. Isothiazolones are mainly used because of their effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the antimicrobial polymers discussed in the preliminary data are active against the strain.
[341] Any subject exposed to or susceptible to bacterial or microbial contamination can be treated with such a polymer. This need is particularly important in the health care and food industry. The growing interest in preservatives has created a need for new materials that prevent microbial contamination without the inclusion of preservatives. The occurrence of infections from foodborne pathogens is a continuing concern, and antimicrobial packaging, utensils and surfaces are valuable. In the area of health care and medical devices, the use of antimicrobial machines, packaging and surfaces becomes apparent. Although not limited thereto, all products used internally or externally in human or animal health, including surgical gloves, implantable devices, sutures, catheters, dialysis membranes, water filters, and utensils, may or may not reproduce pathogens. All can deliver pathogens. The polymers of the present invention may be incorporated into processable fibers for use in materials susceptible to bacteria, including fabrics, surgical gowns, and carpets. Ophthalmic solutions and contact lenses are easily contaminated and cause eye infections. Antimicrobial storage containers and cleaning solutions for contact lenses are very valuable. Both pets and agricultural animals are exposed to a variety of infectious pathogenic organisms that can cause disease in animals or humans, and the animals are breeding.
[342] Embodiments of the present invention include an antimicrobial comprising a surface area amphiphilic polymer and a composition selected from the group consisting of paints, paints, lacquers, varnishes, cokes, grouts, adhesives, resins, films, cosmetics, soaps and detergents. Composition.
[343] Another embodiment of the present invention is an improved catheter, wherein the improvement includes incorporating or adhering a surface area amphiphilic polymer therein.
[344] Another embodiment of the present invention is an improved contact lens, the improvement comprising incorporating or adhering a surface area amphiphilic polymer therein.
[345] Embodiments of the present invention are improved plastic devices for hospitals and laboratories, wherein the improvements include incorporating or adhering a surface area amphiphilic polymer therein.
[346] A further embodiment of the present invention is improved fabrics and nonwovens for hospital use, the improvement comprising incorporating or adhering the surface area amphiphilic polymer therein.
[347] The following examples are intended to further illustrate the nature of the invention and are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined only by the appended claims.
[348] Example 1
[349] Polyamide Figure 6 XIa
[350] 2,6-Dinitro-4-t-butyl-phenyl (4-methyl) -benzenesulfonate (11)
[351] 2,6-Dinitro-4-t-butyl-phenol (80 mmol; 10) and tosyl chloride (80 mmol) were dissolved in 300 ml of CH ₂ Cl ₂ . Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 80 mmol) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The solution was washed with 10% citric acid, saturated aqueous NaCl solution (saturated NaCl) and dried over MgSO ₄ . The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the product was obtained as a light yellow solid in quantitative yield. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ = 8.12 (s, 2H), 7.80 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 9H) .ESI-MS m / z: 417.2 (M + Na ⁺ )
[352] 2,6-dinitro-4-t-butyl-1- (2-t-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl) -sulfanylbenzene (12)
[353] Compound 11 (13 mmol), 2-Boc-aminoethanethiol (16 mmol) and DIEA (13 mmol) were dissolved in 50 ml of chloroform. The solution was stirred under nitrogen for 12 hours. The solution was washed with 0.5 M NaOH, 10% citric acid, saturated Na ₂ CO ₃ and saturated NaCl and dried over MgSO ₄ . The solution volume was reduced to 15 ml by rotary evaporation. After addition of 80 ml of hexane, the product crystallized as 94% yield as a light yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ 7.81 (s, 2H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 3.31 (t, 2H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.39 (s , 9H). ESI-MS: m / z: 422.4 (M + Na ⁺ ).
[354] 2,6-diamino-4-t-butyl-1- (2-t-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl) -sulfanylbenzene (13)
[355] Dinitro compound 12 (20 mmol) and sodium acetate (200 mmol) were added to 50 ml of EtOH. The mixture was heated to 78 ° C. and the solids dissolved completely. Stannous chloride dihydrate (200 mmol) was added to the solution and the reaction mixture was stirred at 78 ° C. for 35 minutes. After removal of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in 800 ml of EtOAc and washed with 40% KCO ₃ . The organic phase was dried, evaporated and the residue was column chromatographed (SO ₂ ) and eluted with 100: 1 to 95: 5 gradient CH ₂ Cl ₂ / MeOH to give 93% yield of compound 13. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ 6.21 (s, 2H), 5.41 (s, 1H), 4.35 (br, 4H), 3.21 (t, 2H), 2.75 (t, 2H), 1.35 (s , 9H), 1.24 (s, 9H). ESI-MS: m / z: 340.5 (MH ⁺ ).
[356] General polymerization method.
[357] Diamine 13 (0.1 mmol) was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF. Isophthaloyl dichloride (0.1 mmol), triethylamine (0.2 mmol) and N, N-dimethylethylenediamine (0.2 / nmmol) were added with stirring. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 18 hours. After reducing the volume of solvent to 1 ml, water was added to precipitate the polymer. The polymer was collected and dried in vacuo. Boc groups were removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 3 ml) for 1 hour. The deprotected polymer was dried under vacuum overnight.
[358] Example 2
[359] Solid phase synthesis of oligomers XIb and XIc (FIG. 6)
[360] Fmoc-PAL-PEG-resin (0.1 mmol) was expanded in DMF; Fmoc was then removed for 20 minutes with 20% piperidine in DMF. Subsequently, 10 equivalents of isophthalic acid or diamine 10 were alternately coupled to prepare an oligomer. In each case, the coupling is equivalent to 10 equivalents of each 2- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) -1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) and N-hydroxy Benzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), and 20 equivalents of DIEA were used in DMF for 24 hours at room temperature. The oligomers were cleaved from the resin by treatment with TFA / Anisole (95: 5) for 1 hour. Pure oligomer with solvent B (solvent A, 0.1% TFA in water; solvent B, acetonitrile / water / TFA at 900: 99: 1) by HPLC on reverse phase C4 column with 30% to 80% linear gradient Obtained. MALDI-TOF MS: XIb : 756.5 (M + H ⁺ ), XIc : 1125.6. (M + H ⁺ ).
[361] Example 3
[362] Common Amide Polymerization Methods
[363] Diamine dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was charged to an oven drying flask. Equimolar amounts of diacid chloride freshly prepared by stirring the dicarboxylic acid with excess thionyl chloride 2 hours prior to addition to the diamine solution were added to the solution. Catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 4-fold molar excess of triethylamine were added to the stirred mixture. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature under positive N ₂ pressurization. The DMSO solution was poured into water and the solid polymer was recovered by filtration. Various molar amounts of monofunctional amines were added to control the degree of polymerization. The molar amount of monofunctional amine was determined by the Flory equation (G. Odian, Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley & Sons, Third Edition (1991) p.78-82).
[364] Example 4
[365] Common Urea Polymerization Methods
[366] In DMSO, equimolar ratios of diamine and diisocyanate were charged to a dry flask. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature under positive N ₂ pressurization. The reaction was poured into water or ether and the solid polymer was recovered by filtration. Various molar amounts of monofunctional amines were added to control the degree of polymerization. The molar amount of monofunctional amine was determined by Flori's formula.
[367] Example 5
[368] Antimicrobial Analysis
[369] Inhibition studies are conducted in suspension using BHI medium inoculated with bacteria (10 ⁶ CFU / ml) in a 96-well format. Polymer stocks were prepared in DMSO / water and used to prepare a 10-fold dilution series. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were obtained by incubating the compound with bacteria for 18 hours at 37 ° C. and measuring cell growth by monitoring at 590 nm. Antibacterial data is described in FIGS. 10 and 11.
[370] Example 6
[371] Hemolytic activity
[372] The toxicity of the polymer to mammalian cells was assessed with human blood obtained from healthy volunteers and prevented from coagulation with 0.1 volume of sodium citrate. Washed erythrocytes were suspended in HEPES buffer at pH 7.4 containing 1 mM Mg ²⁺ and 1 mM Ca ²⁺ , or heated and unheated autologous serum obtained from coagulated blood. Erythrocyte cell aggregation is assessed microscopically, and erythrocyte cell lysis is assessed by measuring spectroscopically the amount of hemoglobin released. The effect of polymers on platelet function is studied by adding polymers of increasing concentration to platelet rich plasma which prevents coagulation with citrate. Platelet aggregation and secretion are then studied in a Chrono-Log.
[373] All references cited in this application are hereby incorporated in their entirety. Many modifications and alternative embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above detailed description. Accordingly, the detailed description is to be taken as merely illustrative, and is intended to teach those skilled in the art the best aspects of carrying out the invention. The details of the structure may vary substantially without departing from the spirit of the invention and the exclusive use of all modifications within the scope of the appended claims is ensured.

权利要求:
Claims (41)
[1" claim-type="Currently amended] A polymer characterized by comprising a compound of formula
[Formula I]
[In the formula,
x is NR ³ , O, or S, y is C═O, C = S, O = S═O, or —C (═O) C (═O) —, and R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl ego;
Both A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, p-phenylene or optionally substituted heteroarylene, wherein (i) A and B are both polar (P) groups and nonpolar (NP ) Or (ii) one of A and B is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group and the other of A and B is neither a polar group nor a nonpolar group, or (iii) A or One of B is substituted with a polar (P) group and the other of A or B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group);
One of A and B is o-, m-, p-phenylene or heteroarylene, and the other of A and B is C ₃ to C ₈ cycloalkyl or (CH ₂ ) _q wherein q is 1 to 7 (I) one of A or B is optionally substituted with one or more polar (P) group (s) and the other of A or B is optionally substituted with one or more nonpolar (NP) group (s), or (ii) A is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group and B is a C ₃ to C ₈ cycloalkyl or (CH ₂ ) _{q with} q from 1 to 7, and B is one or more polar (P) or nonpolar (NP Is independently optionally substituted with a group);
R ¹ is (i) -yC and R ² is OH, or NH ₂ , wherein C is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl, vinyl, 2-propenyl, Hx- (CH ₂ ) _p- , (C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy) C (═O) (CH ₂ ) _p −, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, benzyloxy, t-butoxy, pyridine and phenyl, wherein the pyridine Or phenyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl) Selected from the group consisting of: or (ii) H, R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W, wherein x is as defined above and p is as defined below, W is N-maleimide or V as defined below), (iii) -yC and R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W, or (iv) R ¹ and R ² are both single bonds ;
NP is R ⁴ or —U— (CH ₂ ) _p —R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₈ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, monocyclic or polycyclic phenyl optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or halo groups, and one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ Alkoxy, or a nonpolar group selected independently from the group consisting of monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with halo groups, and U and p are as defined below;
P is of formula IIIa:
[Formula IIIa] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
(From here,
U is absent or O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , NH, -C (= 0) O-, -C (= 0) NH-, -C (= 0) S -, -C (= S) NH-, -S (O) ₂ NH-, and C (= NO-), wherein groups comprising two chemically non-uniform ends can adopt both possible orientations Is selected from the group consisting of;
V is amino, hydroxyl, thio, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine , Semicarbazone, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, basic heterocycle, and lower acylamino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
Alkylene chains are optionally substituted or unsaturated with amino or hydroxyl groups)
A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl and polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 500].
[2" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 1 comprising a compound of formula VII:
[Formula VII]
[In the formula,
One of R ⁹ or R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ is a polar (P) group and the other of R ⁹ or R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ is a nonpolar (NP) group;
P is the formula IIIb:
[Formula IIIb] -(CH ₂ ) _p -V
Wherein V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine , Lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ di optionally substituted with guanidine, semicarbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazin, and one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
Is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[3" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 2 comprising a compound of formula (IX):
[Formula IX]
[In the formula,
One of R ⁹ or R ¹¹ is a polar (P) group or a nonpolar (NP) group, and the other of R ⁹ or R ¹¹ is another polar (P) group or a nonpolar (NP) group;
NP is — (CH ₂ ) _p —R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₂ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more C ₁ -C ₄ P is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or phenyl optionally substituted with halo, and at least one C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, or heteroaryl optionally substituted with halo, and p is As defined below;
P is the formula IIIb:
[Formula IIIb] -(CH ₂ ) _p -V
Wherein V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine , Lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ di optionally substituted with guanidine, semicarbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazin, and one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0-8.
[4" claim-type="Currently amended] The compound of claim 3, wherein R ⁹ is a polar side chain of the natural amino acid, and R ¹¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl , Iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, and benzyl.
[5" claim-type="Currently amended] The compound of claim 3, wherein R ⁹ is a nonpolar side chain of the natural amino acid, and R ¹¹ is the formula IIIb:
[Formula IIIb] -(CH ₂ ) _p -V
Wherein V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine , Lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ di optionally substituted with guanidine, semicarbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazin, and one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Selected from the group consisting of alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino)
A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0-8.
[6" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1,
x is NH and y is C═O or C═S;
A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, or p-phenylene, 2,5-thiophenylene or 2,5-pyrrylene;
NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₂ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, from C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or halo groups optionally substituted phenyl, and one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, or halo groups the group consisting of an optionally substituted heteroaryl, Is selected from U and p as defined below);
P is of formula IIIa:
[Formula IIIa] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
(From here,
U is absent or is O, S, SO, SO ₂ , or NH;
V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine, semi Carbazone, imidazole, piperidine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazine, and lower acylamino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
Is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is from 2 to at least about 500
A polymer comprising a compound of formula (I).
[7" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1,
x is NR ³ , R ³ is hydrogen, y is C═O or C = S;
A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, or p-phenylene;
NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert -Butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from);
P is the polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine);
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is from 2 to at least about 500
A polymer comprising a compound of formula (I).
[8" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 7, wherein
x is NR ³ , y is C═O and R ³ is hydrogen;
A and B are m- or p-phenylene, wherein (i) A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position, or (ii) A Is substituted at the 2-position with a polar (P) group and at the 5-position with a nonpolar (NP) group and B is substituted with a non-polar (NP) group at the 2-position and a polar (P) group at the 5-position, or (iii A is substituted at the 2-position with one of the polar (P) or non-polar (NP) groups and B is substituted at the 2-position with the other of the nonpolar (NP) or polar (P) groups;
NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is from 2 to at least about 500
A polymer comprising a compound of formula (I).
[9" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 8 comprising a compound of formula XII:
[Formula XII]
[In the formula,
NP is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl Is a nonpolar group, and U and p are as defined below;
P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O, S, or no atom, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, Imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[10" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 8 comprising a compound of formula XIV:
[Formula XIV]
[In the formula,
NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O, S, or atom free, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[11" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1,
x is NR ³ , y is CO and R ³ is hydrogen;
A and B are o-phenylene, wherein A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 5-position, and B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position;
NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O, S, or atom free, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , selected from the group consisting of pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is from 2 to at least about 500
A polymer comprising a compound of formula (I).
[12" claim-type="Currently amended] 12. The polymer of claim 11 comprising a compound of formula XIII:
[Formula XIII]
[In the formula,
NP is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl Is a nonpolar group, and U and p are as defined below;
P is a polar group (CH ₂ ) _p -V, wherein V is selected from the group consisting of amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, guanidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[13" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 11 comprising a compound of formula XV:
[Formula XV]
[In the formula,
R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently polar (P) groups and R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently nonpolar (NP) groups substituted at one of the remaining unsubstituted carbon atoms, or R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently nonpolar (NP) ) And R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently polar (P) groups;
NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U is a nonpolar group independently selected from:
P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O or S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, guanidine, pyridine, piperazine, and Selected from the group consisting of 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[14" claim-type="Currently amended] A polymer comprising the compound of formula II:
[Formula II]
[In the formula,
x and y can be taken independently (i) (where x is NR ³ , O, S, (CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) NR ³ , (CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) O, or (CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) S And y is C = O, C = S, O = S = O, -C (= O) C (= O)-, (CR ⁵ R ⁶ ) C = O or (CR ⁵ R ⁶ ) C = S R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; (ii) together form pyromellitic diimide; R ⁵ and R ⁶ together are (CH ₂ ) ₂ NR ¹² (CH ₂ ) ₂ and R ¹² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —C (═N) CH ₃ or C (═NH) —NH ₂ ; R ⁷ and R ⁸ together are (CH ₂ ) _p , wherein p is as defined below;
Both A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, p-phenylene, or optionally substituted heteroarylene, wherein (i) A and B are both polar (P) groups and nonpolar ( NP) groups, or (ii) one of A and B is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group and the other of A and B is neither a polar group nor a nonpolar group, or (iii) A Or one of B is substituted with a polar (P) group and the other of A or B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group);
R ¹ is (i) -ByR ² , R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W wherein x is as defined above and W is hydrogen; halogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, Phenyl optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, and carboxyl, N-maleimide, or V as defined below, wherein p is as defined below) ; (ii) R ¹ and R ² are both single bonds;
NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ (wherein R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₈ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, monocyclic or polycyclic phenyl optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or halo groups, and one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ Alkoxy, or a nonpolar group selected independently from the group consisting of monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with halo groups, and U and p are as defined below;
P is of formula IIIa:
[Formula IIIa] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
(From here,
U is absent or O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , NH, -C (= 0) O-, -C (= 0) NH-, -C (= 0) S -, -C (= S) NH-, -S (= O) ₂ NH-, and C (= NO-), wherein groups containing two chemically non-uniform ends may adopt both possible orientations Can be selected);
V is amino, hydroxyl, thio, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine , Semicarbazone, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, basic heterocycle, and lower acylamino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and phenyl optionally substituted with amino;
Alkylene chains are optionally substituted or unsaturated with amino or hydroxyl groups)
A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl and polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 500].
[15" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 14,
x is NH and y is CO;
A and B are m- or p-phenylene, wherein (i) A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position, or (ii) A Is substituted at the 2-position with a polar (P) group and at the 5-position with a nonpolar (NP) group and B is substituted with a non-polar (NP) group at the 2-position and a polar (P) group at the 5-position, or B is Unsubstituted);
NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ (wherein R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-pentyl And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
P is the polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is from 2 to at least about 500
A polymer comprising a compound of formula (II).
[16" claim-type="Currently amended] 16. The polymer of claim 15 wherein A is optionally substituted 1,3-diaminobenzene and B is optionally substituted iso-phthalic acid.
[17" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 15 comprising a compound of formula XI:
Formula XI

[In the formula,
R ⁴ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl;
U is O or S;
V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, or guanidine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[18" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 15 comprising a compound of formula XVI:
[Formula XVI]
[In the formula,
R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently polar (P) groups and R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently nonpolar (NP) groups substituted at one of the remaining unsubstituted carbon atoms, or R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently nonpolar (NP) ) And R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently polar (P) groups;
NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U is a nonpolar group independently selected from:
P is the polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
U is O or S;
V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, or guanidine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[19" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 15 comprising a compound of formula XX:
[Formula XX]
[In the formula,
j is independently 0 or 1, R ⁵ and R ⁶ together are (CH ₂ ) ₂ NH (CH ₂ ) ₂ , and R ⁷ and R ⁸ together are (CH ₂ ) _p , wherein p is 4 to 6 Im).
[20" claim-type="Currently amended] A polymer comprising the compound of formula IV:
[Formula IV]
[In the formula,
x is NR ³ or NHNH and y is NR ³ , NHNH, S or O and R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
z is C═O, —C (═O) C (═O) —, C═S or O═S═O;
A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, p-phenylene, or optionally substituted heteroarylene, wherein (i) A and B are both polar (P) groups and nonpolar (NP) Or (ii) one of A and B is substituted with a polar (P) group and a nonpolar (NP) group and the other of A and B is neither a polar group nor a nonpolar group, or (iii) A or B One is substituted with one or two polar (P) group (s) and the other of A or B is substituted with one or two nonpolar (NP) group (s), or (iv) A is 2- Substituted with a polar (P) group in the position and a non-polar (NP) group in the 5-position and B is unsubstituted);
R ¹ is (i) -ByR ² , R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W wherein x is as defined above and W is hydrogen, pyridine and phenyl (wherein the pyridine Or phenyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl) R ¹ is H and R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -V, or (ii) R ¹ and R ² are both single bonds;
NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ (wherein R ⁴ is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₈ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl or halo groups optionally substituted monocyclic or polycyclic phenyl, and one or more C ₁ -C ₄ mono-cyclic optionally substituted alkyl groups or halo, or a polycyclic heteroaryl A nonpolar group selected independently from the group consisting of and U and p are independently selected from:
P is of formula IIIa:
[Formula IIIa] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
(From here,
U is absent or O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , NH, -C (= 0) O-, -C (= 0) NH-, -C (= 0) S -, -C (= S) NH-, -S (= O) ₂ NH-, and C (= NO-), wherein groups containing two chemically non-uniform ends may adopt both possible orientations Can be selected);
V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine, semi Optionally substituted with carbazone, basic heterocycle, and lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and amino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Phenyl is selected from the group consisting of;
Alkylene chains are optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups or optionally unsaturated)
A polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl and polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 500].
[21" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 20,
x and y are NR ³ , z is C═O or C═S and R ³ is hydrogen;
A and B are independently optionally substituted o-, m-, or p-phenylene;
NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₂ branched alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, one or more Independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl optionally substituted with a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, and heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl groups, and U and p are as defined below). Nonpolar group;
P is of formula IIIa:
[Formula IIIa] -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V
(From here,
U is O, S, S (= 0), S (= 0) ₂ , or NH or absent;
V is amino, hydroxyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , amidine, guanidine, semi Carbazone and imidazole optionally substituted with lower acylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylamino and amino optionally substituted with one or more amino, lower alkylamino or lower dialkylamino Selected from the group consisting of ferridine, piperazine, 4-alkylpiperazine and phenyl;
Alkylene chain optionally substituted with amino or hydroxyl groups)
Is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl or polyoxyethylene;
p is independently 0 to 8
m is from 2 to at least about 500
A polymer comprising a compound of formula (IV).
[22" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 20,
x and y are NH and z is C═O;
A and B are m- or p-phenylene and (i) A is substituted with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 5-position, or (ii) A is 5- Position is substituted with a polar (P) group and B is substituted with a nonpolar (NP) group at the 2-position, or (iii) A and B are both with a polar (P) group at the 2-position, and a nonpolar (NP) with the 5-position Or (iv) A is substituted with a polar (P) group in the 2-position and a non-polar (NP) group in the 5-position and B is unsubstituted;
NP is R ⁴ or -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso -Pentyl, and sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
P is the polar group -U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O and S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine , NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is from 2 to at least about 500
A polymer comprising a compound of formula (IV).
[23" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 20 comprising a compound of formula XIV:
[Formula XIV]
[In the formula,
R ⁴ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, and sec-pentyl, U and p are as defined below;
U is absent or is O or S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperi Dine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[24" claim-type="Currently amended] The polymer of claim 20 comprising a compound of formula XVII:
Formula XVII]
[In the formula,
R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently polar (P) groups and R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently nonpolar (NP) groups substituted at one of the remaining unsubstituted carbon atoms, or R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently nonpolar (NP) ) And R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently polar (P) groups;
NP is R ⁴ or -UR ⁴ where R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , And sec-pentyl, and U and p are nonpolar groups independently selected from:
P is a polar group U- (CH ₂ ) _p -V wherein U is selected from the group consisting of O or S, V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, guanidine, pyridine, piperazine, and Selected from the group consisting of 4-alkylpiperazine;
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[25" claim-type="Currently amended] A polymer characterized by comprising a compound of formula
[Formula XVIII]
[In the formula,
x is NH and y is CO;
R ¹ is (i) -yC and R ² is OH, or NH ₂ , wherein C is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl, vinyl, 2-propenyl, Hx- (CH ₂ ) _p- , (C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy) C (═O) (CH ₂ ) _p −, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, benzyloxy, t-butoxy, pyridine and phenyl, wherein the pyridine Or phenyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl) Selected from the group consisting of: or (ii) H, R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W, wherein x is as defined above and p is as defined below, W is N-maleimide or V as defined below) or (ii) -yC and R ² is -x- (CH ₂ ) _p -W or (iv) R ¹ and R ² are both single bonds ;
NP is R ⁴ or-(CH ₂ ) _p -R ⁴ where R ⁴ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl is a nonpolar group independently selected from the group consisting of n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, and C ₁ -C ₅ haloalkyl, p is as defined below;
P is a polar group (CH ₂ ) _p -V where V is amino, lower alkyl amino, lower dialkylamino, imidazole, guanidine, NH (CH ₂ ) _p NH ₂ , N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ , piperidine, piperazine, and 4-alkylpiperazine);
p is independently 0 to 8;
m is 2 to at least about 30].
[26" claim-type="Currently amended] In the method of killing microorganisms,
Disposing a contact killing, non-leaching surface area amphiphilic polymer to provide a substrate from which the polymer does not elute from the surface; And
Promoting contact between the surface area amphiphilic polymer on the substrate such that pores form in the cell walls of the microorganisms;
Method comprising a.
[27" claim-type="Currently amended] 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of wood, synthetic polymers, plastics, natural and synthetic fibers, fabrics, paper, rubber, and glass.
[28" claim-type="Currently amended] 28. The group of claim 27, wherein said substrate is comprised of polysulfone, polyacrylate, polyurea, polyethersulfone, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and cellulosics And a plastic selected from.
[29" claim-type="Currently amended] A microbial composition comprising a surface area amphiphilic polymer and a solid support selected from the group consisting of wood, synthetic polymers, natural and synthetic fibers, fabrics, paper, rubber and glass.
[30" claim-type="Currently amended] 30. The solid support of claim 29, wherein the solid support is a plastic selected from the group consisting of polysulfones, polyacrylates, polyethersulfones, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyvinylidene fluorides, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, and cellulosic materials. Microbial composition, characterized in that.
[31" claim-type="Currently amended] In the method of identifying the surface area amphiphilic polymer,
(1) selecting a polymer backbone or framework suitable for the site-specific introduction of polar (P) and nonpolar (NP) groups;
(2) determining parameters in the molecular dynamics force field using quantum mechanical calculations from the beginning;
(3) calculating the energy obtainable form of the backbone using molecular dynamics or molecular dynamics calculations;
(4) identifying an energeticly obtainable form of the skeleton in which the periodicity of the geometric / shape repeats matches a sequence repeat;
(5) synthesizing monomers having polar and nonpolar substituents; And
(6) synthesizing an antimicrobial polymer comprising the monomer by solution or solid phase synthesis;
Method comprising a.
[32" claim-type="Currently amended] A method of making an antimicrobial surface by attaching an antimicrobial surface area amphiphilic polymer to a surface, the method comprising treating the surface with a first chemical reactor and to which the surface area amphiphile bound to the second reactor Reacting the polymer.
[33" claim-type="Currently amended] 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the first reactor is 1- (trialkoxysilyl) propylamine and the second reactor is activated carboxylic acid.
[34" claim-type="Currently amended] 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the first reactor is ω- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl bromomethylacetamide and the second reactor is thiol.
[35" claim-type="Currently amended] 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the first reactor is N- [ω- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl] maleimide and the second reactor is thiol.
[36" claim-type="Currently amended] 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the first reactor is a gold surface and the second reactor is thiol.
[37" claim-type="Currently amended] A surface area amphiphilic polymer and a composition selected from the group consisting of paints, paints, lacquers, varnishes, caulks, grouts, adhesives, resins, films, cosmetics, soaps and detergents Antimicrobial compositions.
[38" claim-type="Currently amended] An improved catheter, wherein the antimicrobial surface area amphipathic polymer is incorporated into or adheres to or on the surface of the catheter.
[39" claim-type="Currently amended] An improved contact lens, wherein the antimicrobial surface area amphipathic polymer is incorporated into or adheres to or on the surface of the contact lens.
[40" claim-type="Currently amended] An improved plastic device for hospitals and laboratories, wherein the antimicrobial surface area amphiphilic polymer is incorporated into or adheres to or on the surface of the plastic device.
[41" claim-type="Currently amended] 13. Improved fabrics and nonwovens for hospital use, wherein the antimicrobial surface area amphiphilic polymer is incorporated into or adheres to or on the surface of the fabric and nonwoven.

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引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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法律状态:
2001-03-08|Priority to US27414501P

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2001-03-08|Priority to US60/274,145

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2002-03-07|Application filed by 더 유니버시티 오브 펜실베니아

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2002-03-07|Priority to PCT/US2002/022043

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2004-02-05|Publication of KR20040011472A

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2009-06-10|Application granted

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2009-06-10|Publication of KR100902171B1

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US27414501P| true| 2001-03-08|2001-03-08|

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US60/274,145|2001-03-08|

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PCT/US2002/022043|WO2002100295A2|2001-03-08|2002-03-07|Facially amphiphilic polymers as anti-infective agents|